Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 4 pp 3750—3762
Suppression of cerebral ischemia injury induced blood brain barrier breakdown by dexmedetomidine via promoting CCN1
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- 2 Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- 3 Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
Received: October 12, 2023 Accepted: January 3, 2024 Published: February 15, 2024
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205557How to Cite
Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) could aggravate cerebral ischemia injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been believed to play a protective role in cerebral ischemia injury-induced BBB injury.
Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established to simulate cerebral ischemia injury. Animal experiments included 4 groups, Sham, MCAO, MCAO+Dex, MCAO+Dex+sh-CCN1. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analysis was performed to analyze gene expression difference. Total collagen content and Evans blue staining were performed to measure infarct ratio and BBB breakdown, respectively. The cell apoptosis, mRNA and protein expression were measured through flow cytometry, PCR, and western blotting, respectively. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum were measured with commercial ELISA kits.
Results: Dex greatly promoted the expression level of CCN1. Dex suppressed cerebral ischemia injury, increased tight junction protein expression, improved the memory ability and neurological function of MCAO rats through targeting CCN1. The significant increase of inflammatory factors in the serum of MCAO rats were suppressed by Dex. Dex suppressed OGD induced increase of HRP permeability and promoting tight junction protein expression in vitro through regulating CCN1. The neurological function evaluation was performed with Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and Longa Score Scale.
Conclusions: Dex could remarkably alleviate cerebral ischemia injury by inhibiting BBB breakdown, inflammatory response, and promoting neurological function and tight junction protein expression via up-regulating CCN1. This study might provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia injury-induced BBB.
Abbreviations
BBB: Blood-brain barrier; Dex: Dexmedetomidine; CYR61: Cysteine rich protein 61; MCAO: Middle cerebral artery occlusion; OGD: Oxygen-glucose deprivation; HBMEC: Human brain microvascular endothelial cells; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium; TCC: Total collagen content; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase.