Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 14 pp 5946—5958

The RIPK family: expression profile and prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma

Guo Li1,2,3, , Zhijie Xu4,5,6, , Jinwu Peng4,5, , Yuanliang Yan7, , Yong Liu1,2,3, , Xin Zhang1,2,3, , Yuanzheng Qiu1,2,3, , Chencheng Fu5, &, ,

  • 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
  • 2 Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
  • 3 Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
  • 4 Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
  • 5 Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
  • 6 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
  • 7 Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China

Received: February 3, 2022       Accepted: July 21, 2022       Published: July 30, 2022      

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204195
How to Cite

Copyright: © 2022 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases which are supposed to regulate tumor generation and progression. Rare study illustrates the roles and functions of RIPKs family in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) comprehensively. Our results indicated that the expression of RIPK2 higher in LUAD patients while RIPK5 (encoded by gene DSTYK) expression was lower. Only RIPK2 had a strong correlation with pathological stage in LUAD patients. Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that LUAD patients with low RIPK2 or RIPK3 level showed better overall survival (OS), but worse when LUAD patients with high RIPK5. Further, lower expression of RIPK2 and higher expression of RIPK1, RIPK4 and RIPK5 prompted a longer disease free survival (DFS). Genetic alterations based on cBioPortal revealing 16% alteration rates of RIPK2, as well as RIPK5. We also found that the functions of RIPKs family were linked to cellular senescence, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, apoptosis process et al. TIMER database indicated that the RIPKs family members had distinct relationships with the infiltration of six types of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells). Moreover, RIPK2 could be observed as an independent prognostic factor with Cox proportional hazard model analysis. DiseaseMeth databases revealed that the global methylation levels of RIPK2 increased in LUAD patients. Thus, the findings above will enhance the understanding of RIPKs family in LUAD pathology and progression, providing novel insights into RIPKs-core therapy for LUAD patients.

Abbreviations

RIPKs: Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases; LUAD: lung adenocarcinoma; NSCLCs: non-small cell carcinomas; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease free survival; RFS: relapse-free survival; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GEPIA: Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis; GO: Gene Ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.