Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 4 pp 6205—6213
A history of cigarette smoking is associated with faster functional decline and reduction of entorhinal cortex volume in mild cognitive impairment
- 1 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- 3 The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruian People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
Received: November 2, 2020 Accepted: January 22, 2021 Published: February 12, 2021
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202646How to Cite
Copyright: © 2021 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Little is known about the longitudinal association of cigarette smoking with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) related markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of a history of cigarette smoking on change in global cognition, verbal memory, functional performance, hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex volume, brain glucose metabolism, and CSF AD pathologies over time in MCI subjects. At baseline, there were 870 subjects with MCI, including 618 non-smokers (no history of smoking) and 252 smokers (any lifetime history of smoking). Linear mixed models were fitted for each outcome with adjustment of several covariates. The major findings were: (1) Among older people with MCI, smokers showed faster decline in functional performance compared to non-smokers; (2) Smokers demonstrated steeper decline in entorhinal cortex volume than non-smokers; (3) A history of cigarette smoking was not associated with change in CSF Aβ42, t-tau or p-tau levels over time in MCI subjects. In conclusion, we found that a history of cigarette smoking was associated with faster decline in functional performance and entorhinal cortex volume over time at the prodromal stage of dementia.
Abbreviations
AD: Alzheimer’s Disease; Mild cognitive impairment: MCI; Normal cognition: NC; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; FAQ: Functional Activities Questionnaire; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; FDG SUVRs: fluorodeoxyglucose standardized uptake values ratios; HpVR: Hippocampal volume ratio; EVR: Entorhinal cortex volume ratio; Aβ: β-amyloid; t-tau: total tau; p-tau: phosphorylated tau.