Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 17 pp 16951—16962
Esculentoside A rescues granulosa cell apoptosis and folliculogenesis in mice with premature ovarian failure
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
Received: May 2, 2020 Accepted: June 12, 2020 Published: August 5, 2020
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103609How to Cite
Abstract
Follicular atresia is one of the main processes for the loss of granulosa cells and oocytes from the mammalian ovary and any impairment to premature ovarian failure. Large numbers of studies have demonstrated that granulosa cell apoptosis causes follicular atresia, yet the rescue of these cells remains elusive. We aimed to use Esculentoside A (3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 4-b-D-xylopyranosyl) phytolaccagenin, a saponin extracted from Phytolacca esculenta roots, as a potential rescue agent for the apoptosis of granulosa cells. Our results revealed the rescue of normal body and ovary weights, normal ovarian histo-architecture of ovaries, and hormones levels with regular estrus cycle. Consistently, the expression of proliferating and anti-apoptotic markers, i.e. KI67 and BCL-2 in granulosa cells, was enhanced. Meanwhile, the expressions of pro-apoptotic markers, which were BAX and CASPASEs (CASPASE-9 and CASPASE-3), were prominently reduced in Esculentoside A-induced premature ovarian failure mice. Additionally, PPARγ, a potential therapeutic target, has also rescued its expression by treating the premature ovarian failure mice with Esculentoside A. Our results advocated that Esculentoside A could restore folliculogenesis in premature ovarian failure mice. Furthermore, it has the potential to be investigated as a therapeutic agent for premature ovarian failure.
Abbreviations
POF: Premature ovarian failure; GCs: Granulosa cells; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone; EA: Esculentoside A; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.