Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 23 pp 14172—14191

Figure 1. GP attenuated STP-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. (A) STP inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. 0.4 μM of STP caused a decline of 50% in cell viability. n = 4. (B) GP rescued the cell viability with different concentrations (5–25 μM). n = 4. (C) TUNEL assay verified the inhibition of STP-induced (0.4 μM) apoptosis by GP (5 μM and 10 μM). Scale bar = 50 μm. (D) Quantification of the TUNEL/DAPI using ImageJ software. (E–H) Western blots and quantification of the relative protein expression levels (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3) after normalization to the β-actin signal. Data represent mean ± SEM, p-value significance is calculated from one-way ANOVA, n = 3. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001.