Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 15 pp 11683—11728
Pan-cancer analysis of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands in various cells in the tumor immune microenvironment
- 1 Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- 2 Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- 3 Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- 4 Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- 5 Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- 6 Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
- 7 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China
- 8 Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 310009, China
Received: April 10, 2024 Accepted: July 18, 2024 Published: August 7, 2024
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206053How to Cite
Copyright: © 2024 Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Drugs that target immune checkpoint have become the most popular weapon in cancer immunotherapy, yet only have practical benefits for a small percentage of patients. Tumor cells constantly interact with their microenvironment, which is made up of a variety of immune cells as well as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Immune checkpoint expression and blocked signaling of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are key to tumor progression. In this study, we perform deliberation convolution on the TCGA database for human lung, breast, and colorectal cancer to infer crosstalk between immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) and ligands (ICLs) in TME of pan-carcinogenic solid tumor types, validated by flow cytometry. Analysis of immune checkpoints showed that there was little variation between different tumor types. It showed that CD160, LAG3, TIGIT were found to be highly expressed in CD8+ T cells instead of CD4+ T cells, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD86, LGALS9, TNFRSF14, LILRB4 and other ligands were highly expressed on macrophages, FVR, NECTIN2, FGL1 were highly expressed on Epithelial cells, CD200 was highly expressed in Endothelial cells, and CD80 was highly expressed in CD8 High expression on T cells. Overall, our study provides a new resource for the expression of immune checkpoints in TME on various types of cells. Significance: This study provides immune checkpoint expression of immune cells of multiple cancer types to infer immune mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and provide ideas for the development of new immune checkpoint-blocking drugs.