Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 16 pp 8155—8184
Identified RP2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioma, facilitating glioma pathogenesis mainly via regulating tumor immunity
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- 2 Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
Received: April 3, 2023 Accepted: July 17, 2023 Published: August 18, 2023
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204962How to Cite
Copyright: © 2023 Gong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in the central nervous system, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, easy to recur, difficult to cure. The mutation of Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2) can cause retinitis pigmentosa, it is a prognostic factor of osteosarcoma, however, its role in glioma remains unclear. Based on the data from TCGA and GTEx, we identified RP2 as the most related gene for glioma by WGCNA, and used a series of bioinformatics analyses including LinkedOmics, GSCA, CTD, and so on, to explore the expression of RP2 in glioma and the biological functions it is involved in. The results showed that RP2 was highly expressed in glioma, and its overexpression could lead to poor prognosis. In addition, the results of enrichment analysis showed that RP2 was highly correlated with cell proliferation and immune response. And then, we found significant enrichment of Macrophages among immune cells. Furthermore, our experiments have confirmed that Macrophages can promote the development of glioma by secreting or influencing the secretion of some cytokines. Moreover, we investigated the influence of RP2 on the immunotherapy of glioma and the role of m6A modification in the influence of RP2 on glioma. Ultimately, we determined that RP2 is an independent prognostic factor that is mainly closely related to immune for glioma.
Abbreviations
RP2: Retinitis Pigmentosa 2; ICIs: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; TCGA: the cancer genome atlas; SMART: Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool; CTD: Comparative Toxicogenomics Database; WGCNA: Weighted correlation network analysis; OS: overall survival; PFS: progression-free survival; DSS: disease-specific survival; HRs: hazard ratios; GO: gene ontology; KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; GTEx: the genotype-tissue expression; PPI: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; T: tumor size or extension: or both; N: regional lymph node involvement; M: distant metastasis; ROC: receiver operator characteristic curve; AUC: area under the curve; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; CNV: copy number variation; ICB: immune checkpoint blockade; TILs: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1.