Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 2 pp 567—582
Association of SMC4 with prognosis and immune infiltration of sarcoma
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Pingchang County, Pingchang, Sichuan 636400, China
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Longhui People’s Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan 422200, China
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- 4 Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, China
- 5 Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
Received: August 13, 2022 Accepted: January 23, 2023 Published: January 30, 2023
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204503How to Cite
Copyright: © 2023 Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Objective: This study was performed to explore the prognostic relevance of structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) in pan-cancer and explore the association between SMC4 and immune infiltration of sarcoma.
Results: Elevated expression of SMC4 was detected in cancer tissues compared to normal tissue, which was confirmed in synovial sarcoma tissues with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, higher expression of SMC4 was connected to worse outcomes of sarcoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer or ovarian cancer. Moreover, SMC4 was positively connected to immune cell infiltrates in sarcoma. In addition, infiltrating immune cell markers including monocyte, TAM, M1 and M2 presented different SMC4-associated immune infiltration patterns.
Conclusion: The results from our study showed that SMC4 was positively related to the prognosis and immunological status of sarcoma. SMC4 could be a potential biomarker for prognosis and immune cell infiltrates in sarcoma.
Methods: Several databases including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were adopted to explore the expression pattern of SMC4 in sarcoma, which was confirmed by IHC. The GEPIA and TIMER datasets were adopted to investigate the associations between SMC4 and prognosis in various cancers, especially in sarcoma.
Abbreviations
SMC4: structural maintenance of chromosomes 4; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; DEGs: Differentially expressed genes; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; GEPIA: GeneExpression Profiling Interactive Analysis; TIMER: Tumor Immune Estimation Resource; SKCM: Skin Cutaneous Melanoma; LUAD: Lung adenocarcinoma; BLCA: Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma; BRCA: Breast invasive carcinoma; READ: Rectum adenocarcinoma; CHOL: Cholangiocarcinoma; STAD: Stomach adenocarcinoma; COAD: Colon adenocarcinoma; UCEC: Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma; ESCA: Esophageal carcinoma; HNSC: Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma; KIRC: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; LIHC: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUSC: Lung squamous cell carcinoma; SARC: Sarcoma; ACC: Adrenocortical carcinoma; KICH: Kidney Chromophobe; KIRP: Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; LGG: Brain Lower Grade Glioma; PAAD: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; PRAD: Prostate adenocarcinoma; LIHC: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; MESO: Mesothelioma; THCA: Thyroid carcinoma; GO: Gene ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; BP: Biological process; CC: Cytoplasm for cellular components; MF: Molecular function.