Research Paper|Volume 12, Issue 13|pp 13090—13114

Changes of saliva microbiota in the onset and after the treatment of diabetes in patients with periodontitis

Ying Yang¹, Shili Liu^2,^3,⁴, Yihua Wang^2,³, Zhibin Wang¹, Wenyu Ding¹, Xiaoyuan Sun⁵, Kunlun He⁶, Qiang Feng^2,^3,⁷, Xiandang Zhang¹

¹Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
²Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
³Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
⁴School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
⁵Shandong University Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
⁶Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
⁷State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China

* Equal contribution

Received: January 9, 2020Accepted: May 25, 2020Published: July 7, 2020

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103399

Copyright © 2020 Yang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oral microbiota is still insufficiently recognized. In the present study, we compared the salivary microbiome of nondiabetic individuals, treatment-naïve diabetic patients, and diabetic patients treated with metformin or a combination of insulin and other drugs. The α- and β-diversity demonstrated significant differences in the salivary microbiome between the nondiabetic people and patients with a history of diabetes, while little divergence was found among individuals with a history of diabetes. After characterizing the effects of periodontitis on the microbial composition of each group, the salivary microbiome of the treatment-naïve diabetic patient group was compared with that of nondiabetic people and the metformin/combined treatment groups. The results revealed changes in the contents of certain bacteria after both the onset and the treatment of diabetes; among these differential bacteria, Blautia_wexlerae, Lactobacillus_fermentum, Nocardia_coeliaca and Selenomonas_artemidis varied in all processes. A subsequent correlational analysis of the differential bacteria and clinical characteristics demonstrated that salivary microbes were related to drug treatment and certain pathological changes. Finally, the four common differential bacteria were employed for distinguishing the treatment-naïve diabetic patients from the nondiabetic people and the treated patients, with prediction accuracies of 83.3%, 75% and 75%, respectively.