Research Paper

Figure 2. Lipids are the main APOE- and delta age-associated metabolites. (A–D) Volcano plots for the APOE E2 (A), APOE E4 (B), biologically younger (C), or biologically older (D) groups. For each metabolite, presented are the β-coefficient estimate and its log10 p-value from the GLM including metabolite abundance as the dependent variable, group statuses as the independent variables, and age, BMI, use of cholesterol medications, sex, and first two genetics principal components as the covariates (see Methods). Blue data points indicate a positive association between metabolite and test group with pre-adjusted p < 0.05, whereas orange points indicate a negative pre-adjusted association. Yellow highlighting indicates significance after multiple hypothesis testing (pFDR < 0.1, Benjamini–Hochberg method). n = 896 metabolites.