Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 11 pp 9876—9898
High estrogen induces trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to a macrophage-like phenotype resulting in aortic inflammation via inhibiting VHL/HIF1a/KLF4 axis
Figure 6. E2 induces phenotypic transformation by regulating the VHL/HIF-1α/KLF4 axis. (A–D) MOVAS cells were treated with 10 μM E2 for 4 days with or without the following inhibitors: Tamoxifen (1 μM), kenpaullone (3 μM), and VH-298 (10 μM). The expression of the F4/80 macrophage marker on MOVAS cells was detected by FCM analysis (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, indicating statistically significant data between groups; ns indicates no statistical significance.