Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 11 pp 9460—9469
High glucose enhances fibrosis in human annulus fibrosus cells by activating mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB signaling pathways
Figure 6. Schematic illustration showing signaling pathways involved in HG-facilitated fibrosis in IVDD. HG enhances fibrotic protein expression in HAFCs through mTOR, PKCδ and NF-κB pathways during IVDD progression.