Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 11 pp 9460—9469
High glucose enhances fibrosis in human annulus fibrosus cells by activating mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB signaling pathways
Figure 1. Higher levels of fibrotic markers in high-grade IVDD patients. (A) MRI images and Masson’s trichrome staining of disc tissues from IVDD patients. (B) IHC staining (n=3) was performed for CTGF, Col1a1, ATF4 and EIF2 levels in disc tissues from IVDD patients, followed by photography and quantification. * p < 0.05 versus the Grade 3 group.