Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 7 pp 6521—6536

Figure 1. GO attenuates LPS-induced ALI. For ALI model establishment, mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) and then injected intratracheally with LPS (5 mg/kg) dissolved in 50 μl PBS. Control mice were injected with the same volume of PBS. For GO delivery, mice were injected intratracheally with GO (100 mg/kg, dissolved in 50 μl of DMSO) 4 h before LPS instillation. Samples (lung tissues and BALF) were collected 24 h after LPS instillation. (A) Flow chart of mouse experimental design. (B) Lung tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E staining, scale bar: 50 μm). (C) Severity of lung damage was scored on a scale of 0–10 according to inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal edema and thickening, hyaline membrane formation, and pulmonary hemorrhage (n = 8 per group). (D) Effect of GO on lung wet/dry ratio. (E) Quantification of MPO activity in lung tissue. (F) Cells were precipitated via BALF centrifugation and stained with Wright-Giemsa. (G) Cell counts in BALF samples from mice subjected to different treatments. (H) Total protein measurement in BALF via BCA assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Student’s t-test; ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001 defined. Abbreviation: ns: no significant difference.