Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 4 pp 3420—3530

Insights into serum metabolic biomarkers for early detection of incident diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by random forest

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Figure 4. The MS-detected CDBs. (AD) and sCr (E) were evaluated and compared between male and female participants at the early and later stages’ patients. Unlike with sCr, three of the four CDBs include SAdo, pseudouridine and ADT displayed non-significant differences between male and female patients at early or later stages. F, women; M, men. p value was calculated by Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U according to the data normality. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, respectively. Horizontal and error bars in the scatter plots represent mean ± SEM.