Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 1 pp 191—206

Figure 4. Combined use of Mn²⁺ and IL-12 promoted adaptive immune responses of T cells by macrophages in vitro. (A) Volcano plot of differential gene regulation by IL-12 in macrophages. (B) Venn diagram comparing regulated genes in Mn²⁺- and IL-12-treated macrophages. (C) Pathway diagram of KEGG enrichment results (red stars represent enriched genes). (D, E) qRT-PCR analysis of IRF7 and IFN-γ gene expression in macrophages with different treatment conditions. (F) Immunofluorescence of CD44⁺ T cells after co-culture with macrophages treated under different conditions. (G, H) qRT-PCR analysis of perforin and IL-12Rβ1 genes. One representative experiment is displayed from at least three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. Error bars represent SEM. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test. Abbreviation: NS: not significant. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001.