Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 23 pp 14039—14065

Association of modifiable risk factors with obstructive sleep apnea: a Mendelian randomization study

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Figure 3. The association between modifiable risk factors and OSA using the inverse-variance weighted method. Odds ratios (ORs) represent the associations with OSA: one-SD increase in alcohol drink per week, coffee intake; relative carbohydrate intake, relative fat intake, vigorous/moderate physical activity, sedentary, c-reactive protein, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, testosterone, oestradiol, body mass index, arm fat mass (left), leg fat mass (left), whole body fat mass, trunk fat mass, whole body water mass, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure; one-SD increase in log-transformed odds in age of smoking initiation, overall health rating, age at menopause; one unit in log-transformed odds in insomnia, nap during day, sleep duration, education level, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, had menopause. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.