Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 14 pp 6834—6847
Oxidized phospholipids facilitate calcific aortic valve disease by elevating ATF4 through the PERK/eIF2α axis
Figure 7. Molecular mechanism underlying the role of OxPL in CAVD. OxPL promotes the M1 polarization of macrophages by up-regulating the expression of ATF4, thereby enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of VICs and formation of AVC, ultimately promoting the occurrence of CAVD.