Figure 3. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) effects on transcription factors during myogenesis. (A) Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses (qRT-PCR) of MRF4, MyoD, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) as a marker for myotube (MT) formation. (B) Western blot of MyHC and myogenin in C2C12 cells with 2% horse serum in the presence of the indicated concentrations of recombinant CCL2 for the specified number of days. Number of experiments of (A, B) = 4 times, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). (A, B) *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.0005, †P<0.01, ††P<0.001, †††P<0.0001 vs. day 1 of CCL2 '0' (vehicle: PBS + 0.1% BSA), or vs. same day data (represented with lines).