Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 12 pp 4976—4989

Figure 5. Glycemic control and neural switch cost associations. Significant correlations between neural switch cost dynamics and glycemic control level were apparent in the late high gamma and late low gamma windows. Specifically, gamma responses in the left lateral occipital ((A) r₄₅ = 0.48, p < 0.001), left parietal ((B) r₄₅ = 0.48, p < 0.001), right inferior occipital ((C) r₄₅ = 0.46, p = 0.001), and left inferior temporal ((D) r₄₅ = 0.40, p = 0.005) regions exhibited greater neural switch costs in the context of higher HbA_1c levels. Interestingly, greater neural switch costs were associated with lower HbA_1c levels in the left occipital region’s late low gamma response ((E) r₄₅ = −0.53, p < 0.001). These results show a differential impact of glycemic control level on neural switch costs, with separable effects from those seen in differences by comorbidity status. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.