Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 5 pp 2221—2238
Impact of the food grade heat-killed probiotic and postbiotic oral lozenges in oral hygiene
Figure 1. In vitro test for determining the antipathogenic activity of (A) individual postbiotic and (B) probiotic oral lozenges against oral pathogens. (A) Postbiotics of AP-32, ET-66, and LPL28 showed strong antibacterial activities compared with the positive control of LGG postbiotic. (B) Heat-killed AP-32 and ET-66 were used as inactivated probiotics, whereas metabolites of AP-32, ET-66, and LPL28 were used as postbiotics. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the positive control group (LGG postbiotic) or the placebo group (without the postbiotic). Data are presented as mean ± SD.