Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 2 pp 572—595

Figure 5. Treatment with D+Q significantly improves cognitive abilities in aged rats in spatial memory task in the AAPAT on spatial memory for at least 5 weeks after treatment termination. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental design in which rats are subjected to the training 3 times, each time with a new position of the to-be-avoided place. The number of entries into the shock place (# of entries, B I–III), the number of shocks (# shocks, C I–III) and number of shocks per one entry (Shocks/entrance, D I–III) together with maximum time avoided (E I–III) and time to the first entry (F I–III) during place avoidance training reflect changes in the learning abilities and memory in aged rats not only early after D+Q treatment (2nd TRAINING) but also after additional 4 weeks (3rd TRAINING). Performance of place avoidance by young (3-month old; YOUNG; orange color) and aged (18-month old; OLD; red color) rats in the AAPAT before and after 8 weeks of treatment with D+Q by oral gavage. Figures labeled with “I” depict comparison between 1st TRAINING and 2nd TRAINING, “II” between 1st TRAINING and 3rd TRAINING, whereas “III” depict comparison between 2nd TRAINING and 3rd TRAINING. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM, N = 7, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001. Data obtained for groups at consecutive trials were compared using repeated measures two-way ANOVA.