Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 17 pp 17480—17502

Figure 4. The effects of FMT on the intestinal pathological structure, IR, and LR in rats. (A) The colon surface of rats was magnified 2000 times (upper), 5000 times (middle), and 10,000 times (lower). IV: mucosal layer, microvilli on cell surface. mit: mitochondria. N: nucleus. BC: goblet cells. White vesicle structures were secretory vesicles. ER: endoplasmic reticulum; (B) Fasting serum insulin (mIU / L; F_{5, 36} = 351.5, P < 0.0001); (C) HOMA-IR Index (F_{5, 39} = 85.58, P < 0.0001); (D) Leptin in 6 groups (pg / mL; F_{5, 43} = 141.7, P < 0.0001; n = 7-9); (E) Western blotting analysis of IR and LR signaling pathway molecules in liver tissues was performed after FMT; (F) Quantification of western blotting analysis in (D) (p-IRS2 / IRS2: F_{3, 15} = 2.175, P = 0.0132; p-JAK2 / JAK2: F_{3, 15} = 0.5387, P = 0.6630; p-Akt / Akt: F_{3, 15} = 7.221, P = 0.0032; FoxO1 / β-actin: F_{3, 15} = 6.224, P = 0.0059; n = 3-4). Statistical analysis was performed with two-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. The data were expressed as the mean ± SD.