Figure 6. The effects of GW9508 in increasing SOX-9 expression are mediated by CREB. (A). Cells were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) with or without GW9508 (50 μM) for 24 h. Phosphorylated and total levels of CREB were measured by western blot analysis (^^^, ***, P<0.0001 vs. control group; ###, P<0.0001 vs. IL-1β treatment group); (B, C). Blockage of CREB with H89 ameliorated the effects of GW9508 in SOX-9 expression. Cells were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) with or without GW9508 (50 μM) or H89 (10μM). mRNA and protein of SOX-9 were measured (^^^, P<0.0001 vs. control group; ***, P< 0.0001 vs. IL-1β treatment group, ###, P<0.0001 vs. IL-1β+ GW9508 group, n=4-5).