Figure 5.Verapamil extends lifespan through activating autophagy in C. elegans. (A, B) The degree of autophagy induced by verapamil (3 μM and 15 μM) was evaluated by assessing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in MRC-5 cells. (C) GFP::LGG-1 levels were evaluated in the seam cells during the L3 stage (****P < 0.0001) to assess the degree of verapamil (100 μM)-induced autophagy. (D) Verapamil (100 μM) significantly activated the expression of autophagy-related genes. Multiple t-tests were used to evaluate the P-values and error bars represent SEM. (E) Verapamil (100 μM) did not extend the lifespan of worms in which bec-1 expression was downregulated. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to calculate the P-value.
