Figure 2.TOR-centric model of agingNutrients (food), growth factors, cytokines, insulin and hormones activate the nutrient-sensing TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which promotes growth and then aging, causing age-related diseases. In turn, diseases cause non-random organ damage and death. Hormesis type A inhibits TOR thus slowing down aging. Hormesis type B increases aging-tolerance and tolerance to complications of age-related diseases.
