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Research Paper|Volume 14, Issue 4|pp 1597—1610

Elevated levels of serum CDCP1 in individuals recovering from severe COVID-19 disease

Jose-Ramon Blanco1,2, María-Jesús Cobos-Ceballos3,4, Francisco Navarro5, Isabel Sanjoaquin6, Carlos Armiñanzas7, Enrique Bernal8, Luis Buzon-Martin9, Miguel Viribay10, Laura Pérez-Martínez2, Simona Espejo-Pérez3,11, Borja Valencia12, Jesus Guzman-Aguilar13, Juan-Jose Ruiz-Cubillan14, Consuelo Alcalde15, Fernando Gustavo Gutierrez-Herrero16, Julian Olalla5, Eva-Maria Andres-Esteban17,18, Bernabe Jurado-Gamez3,4, Javier Ugedo19
  • 1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
  • 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
  • 3Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
  • 4Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
  • 5Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costal de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
  • 6Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, HCU Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
  • 7Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, H Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
  • 8Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
  • 9Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
  • 10Vitro Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
  • 11Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
  • 12Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Costal de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
  • 13Servicio de Neumología, HCU Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
  • 14Servicio de Neumología, H Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
  • 15Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
  • 16Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
  • 17Grupo PBM, Instituto de Investigación-IdiPaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 18Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 19Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
* Equal contribution
Received: October 10, 2021Accepted: February 8, 2022Published: February 16, 2022
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203898

Copyright: © 2022 Blanco et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 survivors report residual lung abnormalities after discharge from the hospital. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers in serum and induced sputum samples from patients after hospitalization for COVID-19.

Methods: Patients admitted to hospitals in Spain with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were recruited for this study. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were divided into groups with mild/moderate and severe disease according to the severity of their symptoms during hospitalization. Levels of 92 biomarkers were measured in serum and induced sputum samples.

Results: A total of 108 patients (46.2% severe cases) were included in this study. The median number of days after the onset of symptoms was 104. A significant difference was observed in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), an indicator of lung function, whereby DLCO <80% was significantly lower in severe cases (p <0.001). Differences in inflammatory biomarkers were observed between patients with mild/moderate and severe disease. For some biomarkers, correlations in serum and induced sputum levels were detected. Independent predictors of severe disease were DLCO <80% and the serum CDCP1 value.

Conclusions: Higher levels of CDCP1 remain after hospital discharge and are associated with the severity of COVID-19. The possible prognostic implications warrant further investigation.