Effect of different exercise training intensities on age-related cardiac damage in male mice

Aging is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise is known to be beneficial for the health of aging heart, the optimal exercise training intensity to prevent natural aging-induced cardiac damage has not been defined. In this study, we used 32-week-old male mice and randomly divided them into three groups, namely, untrained (UNT) mice, moderate-intensity exercise training (MET) mice, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) mice. Mice in the two exercise training groups were subjected to exercise 5 days per week for 24 consecutive weeks. Metabolic characteristics, cardiac function and morphology, myocardial remodeling, myocardial fibrosis (collagen III, α-SMA, and TGF-β), oxidative stress (NRF2, HO-1, SOD, and NOX4), and apoptosis (BAX, Bak, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL) were analyzed 24 weeks after the different treatments. MET improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the aging heart. MET treatment exerted an anti-apoptotic effect in the heart of the aging mice. Importantly, HIIT did not protect against cardiac damage during the natural aging process. These findings suggest that MET may be one of the main methods to prevent cardiac damage induced by natural aging.