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Research Paper|Volume 13, Issue 6|pp 7943—7952

Association between cognitive health and masticatory conditions: a descriptive study of the national database of the universal healthcare system in Japan

John D. Da Silva1, Shy Chwen Ni2, Cliff Lee2, Hawazin Elani3, Kailing Ho4, Carlos Thomas4, Yukinori Kuwajima2, Yoshiki Ishida2, Takuya Kobayashi5, Shigemi Ishikawa-Nagai2,5
  • 1Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • 2Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • 3Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • 4DMD Candidate, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • 5Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine, Japan
Received: January 23, 2021Accepted: March 5, 2021Published: March 19, 2021
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202843

Copyright: © 2021 Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Cognitive health is subject to decline with increasing numbers of lost teeth which impacts mastication. This study is a descriptive data analysis of the association between masticatory and cognitive conditions using a large database. We obtained the dental and medical records from Japan's universal healthcare system (UHCS) from the national database in 2017. The data from 94% of the Japanese population aged 65 and over is included. It is inclusive of diagnostic codes for various types of cognitive impairment, as well as dental treatment records from 2012 to 2017. The cognitive impairment group was compared to those without a diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Crude odds ratio between loss of mastication with natural teeth (exposure) and cognitive impairments (outcome) were compared. Patients who have lost masticatory function are likely to have cognitive impairment with an odds ratio of 1.89 (p<0.0001) for early elderly (aged 65-75) and 1.33 (p<0.0001) for advanced elderly (over 75). Patients who are edentulous and function with complete dentures are likely to have cognitive impairment with an odds ratio of 2.38 (p<0.0001) and 1.38 (p<0.0001), respectively. The data shows a convincing and significant result of an association between cognitive health and oral health, related to masticatory conditions.