Research Paper Advance Articles

Figure 7. Honokiol reduces mitochondrial ROS generation through mitochondrial functional recovery. (A) Use of JC–10 for flow cytometric measurement of MMP. Senescent fibroblasts were treated with DMSO (0.01%) or honokiol (1 μM) for 12 days. *P < 0.05, Student's t–test. Mean ± S.D., N = 3. (B) MitoTracker green was employed for a flow cytometric study of mitochondrial mass. Senescent fibroblasts were treated with DMSO (0.01%) or honokiol (1 μM) for 12 days. ***P < 0.001, Student t–test. Mean ± S.D., N = 3. (C) Measurement of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR; mpH/min) after 12 days of treatment with DMSO (0.01%) or 1 μM honokiol. (black line: DMSO–treated senescent fibroblasts, pink line: honokiol–treated senescent fibroblasts). ***P < 0.001, two–way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post–hoc test. Means ± S.D., N = 3. (D) Basal glycolysis was measured after 12 days of treatment with DMSO (0.01%) or honokiol (1 μM). **P < 0.01, student t–test. Mean ± S.D., N = 3. (E) The compensatory glycolysis was measured after 12 days of treatment with DMSO (0.01%) or honokiol (1 μM). **P < 0.01, Student t–test. Mean ± S.D., N = 3. (F) Post–2–DG acidification was measured after 12 days of treatment with DMSO (0.01%) or honokiol (1 μM). *P < 0.05, Student t–test. Mean ± S.D., N = 3.