Figure 1. Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic aging across diverse datasets and demographics. (A) This figure illustrates the correlation between chronological age (y-axis) and measures of epigenetic age including EpiAge, DNAmAge, DNAmAgeHannum, DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmAgeSkinBloodClock, DNAGrimAge v1, and DNAGrimAge v2 (x-axis), as well as individual CpG sites cg16867657, cg21572722, and cg24724428. Data were aggregated from the datasets GSE55763, GSE157131, GSE40279, and GSE30870 (refer to Table 1), encompassing 4625 individuals with ages ranging from 0 to 103 years. The cohort exhibits a rich demographic diversity, including Caucasian-European, Hispanic Mexican, and African American ethnicities, comprising 2506 males, 2079 females, and 40 individuals with unspecified gender. The correlations were assessed using the Pearson r correlation coefficient, denoted by ‘R’ on each plot, highlighting the linear relationship between chronological and epigenetic age across the datasets. All plots achieved a significant p-value of < 0.0001, indicating a strong and statistically significant correlation. Visualization includes a solid black line representing the mean correlation and flanking red lines depicting the 95% confidence interval, illustrating the precision of the correlation estimates and the degree of agreement between chronological and epigenetic age measures across the studied population. (B) This figure presents the correlation between chronological age (y-axis) and various measures of epigenetic age (x-axis), including EpiAge, DNAmAge, DNAmAgeHannum, DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmAgeSkinBloodClock, DNAGrimAge v1, and DNAGrimAge v2, alongside individual CpG sites cg16867657, cg21572722, and cg24724428. The data are derived from saliva samples collected from 609 healthy individuals aged 9 to 91 years, detailed in datasets GSE78874, GSE150643, GSE92767, and GSE99029 (referenced in Table 1). The study population includes 310 males and 294 females from diverse ethnic backgrounds—Hispanic, Caucasian, African, and Asian. Correlations are quantified using the Pearson r coefficient, denoted by ‘R’ on each plot, signifying the linear relationship between the two age measures. All correlations are marked by a significance level of p < 0.0001. Visuals include a solid black line indicating the average correlation and red lines showing the 95% confidence interval, emphasizing the reliability and consistency of epigenetic age measures with chronological age across the cohorts. (C) This figure presents scatter plots comparing Epigenetic Age Acceleration (EAA) across various age groups. Each dot represents an individual’s EAA value, plotted against their chronological age group. The age groups are categorized as 0 years, 19-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, and 71+ years. The vertical axis indicates the EAA, while the horizontal axis delineates the age groups. A horizontal line at zero on the plot marks the threshold between age acceleration and deceleration; points above this line indicate epigenetic age acceleration, while points below indicate deceleration. This visualization highlights trends and patterns in EAA across the lifespan, offering insights into how biological aging progresses relative to chronological aging across different stages of life.