Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 12 pp 10366—10379
Genetically predicted 91 circulating inflammatory proteins in relation to risk of urological malignancies: a Mendelian randomization study
Figure 1. Assumptions of the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for circulating inflammatory proteins and PCa. The MR study assumes that genetic variants are associated with only circulating inflammatory proteins and not with confounders or alternative causal pathways, that is, the IVs affect the PCa only directly through immune cell signatures. Abbreviation: IVs; instrument variables.