Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 10 pp 9251—9263
Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress by activating NF-κB pathway
Figure 5. TMAO increased ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells during osteoclast differentiation. (A) RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with RANKL and M-CSF for 4 days and then probed with 10 μM DCFH-DA for 30 min after being treated with TMAO or/and PDTC. TMAO treatment led to increased fluorescence intensity of ROS in RAW 264.7 cells, and PDTC treatment decreased TMAO-induced ROS generation (n = 5 per group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. (B) The ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells after being treated with TMAO or/and PDTC was detected by FCM. RM: RANKL and M-CSF.