Figure 7. PDIA3 promotes CRC cellular proliferation by modulating STAT3/PD-1 signaling pathway, facilitating tumor associated macrophage M2 polarization, and increasing tissue protease secretion. (A) Colony formation assay highlighting the differences in colony numbers of SW480 cells between PDIA3 overexpression versus or-NC control, and PD-1 inhibitor versus PD-1 NC treatments, observed after 14 days (n=3 per group). Statistical evaluation via T-test,* *P < 0.01 versus corresponding control. (B) CCK8 assay provides a quantitative comparison of cell proliferation rates at 24, 48, and 96 hours, indicated by absorbance measurements at 450 nm for SW480 cells with PDIA3 overexpression versus or-NC control, and PD-1 inhibitor versus PD-1 NC treatments (n=3 per group). Statistical evaluation via T-test,* *P < 0.01 versus corresponding control.