Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 10 pp 8630—8644
Neferine mitigates angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation and fibrosis via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of TGF-β/p-Smad2/3 pathways
Figure 7. Inhibition of HO-1 partially abolished the protective role of neferine in Ang II-induced oxidative stress. (A) The ROS generation in the atrium was determined by DHE staining; the red fluorescence intensity was quantified and shown on the right (n = 3). (B) Relative atrial GSH level (n = 5). (C) Relative atrial SOD level (n = 5). (D) Relative atrial MDA level (n = 5). (E) The schematic diagram illustrates the mechanism of neferine in protecting AF and atrial fibrosis. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and n represents the number of samples. *P < 0.05 for the difference compared with the Ang II group; #P < 0.05 for the difference compared with the Ang II + neferine group.