Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 7 pp 6566—6587

Transcranial direct current stimulation promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological function via the OXA-TF-AKT/ERK signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury

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Figure 8. Orexin-A enhanced HUVEC angiogenesis and wound healing through TF-AKT/ERK pathway. (A) Representative images depicting the combined administration of LY3214996 (1 μM) and Orexin-A (0.5 μM) on wound healing effects. (B) The quantification of scratch assay results for each group is shown, measuring the closure of scratch gaps (n = 3). (C) Representative images illustrating the impact of the combined administration of LY3214996 (1 μM) and Orexin-A (0.5 μM) on vascular formation. (D) Displays the quantification of tube formation assay results for each group, calculating the number of formed tubes (n = 3). (E) Representative gross morphology of Matrigel in situ (n = 3). (F) Representative H&E-stained images of matrix plug sections (n =3). (G) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD31-positive cells within matrix plugs. (H) Quantitative analysis of the proportion of CD31-positive cells within matrix plugs (n = 3). Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation, the statistical significance of differences was evaluated by One-way ANOVA, *denotes the comparison between the Sham group and the TBI group, #represents the comparison between the TBI and the Sham-tDCS group, &signifies the comparison between the tDCS group and the Sham-tDCS group, and ¥indicates the comparison between the tDCS group and the tDCS+SB334867 group. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.