Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 3 pp 2789—2811

Figure 3. Autophagy can be triggered by MPPα-PDT. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (magnification, ×20000) was used to observe autophagosomes upon autophagy induction by MPPα-PDT after 12 h. (B–D) Cells were harvested 3, 6, and 12 h after MPPα-PDT treatment and protein ATG5, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p62 were determined by western blot. Data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05 vs. control group.