Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 3 pp 1983—2004

Figure 3. Effect of GV1001 on amyloid beta, β-secretase (BACE) and p-tau levels. (A) GV1001 significantly ameliorated the levels of Aβ_1-42 in the brains of aged 3xTg-AD mice. (B, C) Expression of BACE was downregulated in old 3xTg-AD mice after treatment with 1 mg/kg GV1001, as shown by western blotting (B) and immunohistochemistry (C). (D) NSCs were isolated from embryonic rodent brains, cultured, and expanded. Then, they were treated with different concentrations of GV1001 (0, 1, or 10 μM) and 20 μM Aβ_25-35 for 48 h. The expression of BACE was markedly upregulated in NSCs following treatment with 20 μM Aβ_25-35, although treatment with 1 or 10 μM GV1001 significantly downregulated the expression of BACE. (E) GV1001 significantly reduced the levels of p-tau in the hippocampus (CA3). Data are expressed as the mean (% of control) ± standard deviation of three to five independent experiments. The treatment groups were compared using Tukey’s post-hoc test after one-way or two-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (vs. the control group), ^##p < 0.01 (vs. NSCs treated only with 20 μM Aβ). Scale bar = 50 μm.