Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 2 pp 1663—1684
Usenamine A triggers NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting the DDX3X/SQSTM1 axis
Figure 8. Usenamine A promotes NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by upregulating the DDX3X/SQSTM1 axis in vivo. (A) ROS levels in the tissues were determined using a DCFH-DA probe. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. (C) Relative expression of DDX3X, SQSTM1, and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway-related proteins was monitored using western blotting. **p < 0.01 vs. control; $p < 0.05 and $$p < 0.01 vs. usenamine A + sh-DDX3X. DDX3X, DEAD-Box helicase 3 X-Linked; GSDMD, gasdermin D; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor pyrin 3; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; SQSTMI1, sequestosome 1.