Figure 7. Schema of various effects and identical mechanisms of 1,5-AF in models of aging-associated brain diseases. Abbreviations: 1,5-AF: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose; AMPK: 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PGC-1: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1.