Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 21 pp 12497—12512
Ferulic acid ameliorates the quality of in vitro-aged bovine oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Figure 1. FA palliates aging-induced oocyte morphological anomalies. (A) Timeline diagram of in vitro-aged bovine oocytes. (B) Representative images of oocyte morphological anomalies (a very granular PVS, large PVS, first polar body degradation, and nonuniform cytoplasm). (C) The abnormality rates of in vitro aging for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h groups. R = 4. (D) The abnormality rates of oocytes in vitro aged 12 h treated with different concentrations of FA (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 μM). R = 7. (E) Representative images of PVS morphology in the Fresh, Aged, and Aged + FA groups. Scale bars: 100 μm. (F, G) Thickness of ZP and size of PVS of Fresh, Aged, Aged + FA groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences.