Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 17 pp 9022—9040
Causal relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Figure 2. MR estimates the impact of AD on CVD. IVW was used as the main method to analyze the two-way causal relationship between AD and CVD. Forest map: Visualize the causal effect of exposure on outcome risk by MR method (when the outcome is cardiovascular disease, i.e., the dichotomy variable, the standard line is the “X = 1” line (orange dashed line)), and the blue markers represent positive results with P < 0.05. Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer’s disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; IVW: Inverse variance weighting; Beta: risk index; Se: standard error; OR (95% CI): odds ratio (95% confidence interval).