Figure 4. Gastrodin intervention restored the expression of PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway in the hippocampal neurons of diabetic rats. Double immunofluorescence staining showed PI3K, p-AKT and GLUT4 positive neurons in the hippocampus of NC9w (A) DM9w+S (B) DM9w+G60 (C) and DM9w+G120 (D) groups. Note the diminution of these factors’ immunofluorescence in the neurons of the DM9w+S group as compared with the normal control. However, the immunofluorescence was restored to a level comparable to that of the normal in the DM9w+G60 group. White arrows indicated double positive cells. Bar = 50 μm.