Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 14 pp 6834—6847

Oxidized phospholipids facilitate calcific aortic valve disease by elevating ATF4 through the PERK/eIF2α axis

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Figure 1. Regulation of OxPL-induced macrophages on osteogenic differentiation in VICs. (A) OxPL was used to stimulate mouse macrophages RAW264.7, and RT-qPCR to detect the expression of M1 macrophage related factors. (B) Mouse macrophages RAW264.7 stimulated by OxPL were co-cultured with VICs for 7 days, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of ATF4 and osteogenic factors BMP2, OPN, and osteocalcin in VICs. (C) IF detection of osteogenic factors BMP2, OPN, and osteocalcin expression in VICs. (D) Mouse macrophages RAW264.7 stimulated by OxPL were co-cultured with VICs for 7 days to detect the activity of ALP in VICs. *p < 0.05. Cell experiments were repeated three times independently. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Data obeying normal distribution and homogeneity of variance between two groups were analyzed using unpaired t-test.