Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 12 pp 5775—5797
Astaxanthin prevents osteoarthritis by blocking Rspo2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes and abolishing Rspo2-related inflammatory factors in macrophages
Figure 5. Effects of astaxanthin on M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM). (A) Verification of the differentiation from THP-1 cells to resting M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM) via flow cytometry analysis of CD14 cell surface expression. (B) The relative gene expression of M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM) was measured by qRT-PCR. (C) The relative protein expression of M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM) was detected by ELISA. (D) Effect of astaxanthin on M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM) measured by qRT-PCR. (E) Effect of astaxanthin on M0 macrophages (NM) and proinflammatory M1 macrophages (AM) detected by ELISA. (F) Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD86 (CD86 is a special surface phenotype marker of M1 macrophages).