Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 11 pp 4576—4599

Figure 1. Senescence increases in BA livers and predominates in cholangiocytes and perinodular hepatocytes. (A) SA-β-gal activity increases in cholangiocytes (arrowheads) and surrounding perinodular hepatocytes (arrows) in BA livers. (B) p16 protein expression also increases in cholangiocytes (arrowheads) and surrounding perinodular hepatocytes (arrows) in BA livers. (C) Gene expression of p16 progresses until liver transplantation in BA. (D) Gene expression of SASP markers IL-8 and TGF-β1 increase in BA livers versus controls. (E) DNA damage γH2AX-positive foci increase in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in BA livers and progress until liver transplantation in cholangiocytes. BA: biliary atresia; DAB: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine; SA-β-gal: senescence-associated beta-galactosidase; Data is presented as mean ± SEM; *p≤0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Scale bars = 100 μm.