Figure 3. DNA strand break in human skeletal muscle after SSE and HIIE. Approximately one third of nuclei (blue) showed fragmented DNA (brown) at pre-exercise baseline (A). The fragmented DNA elevated by 1.3 folds immediately after HIIE and returned to baseline in 24 h (B). Individual response after SSE (C) and HIIE (D) are shown in the lower panel. *Significance against pre-exercise baseline, p < 0.05. †Significant difference against SSE, p < 0.05. Abbreviations: SSE: steady state cycling exercise (60% maximal aerobic power); HIIE: high intensity interval cycling exercise (120% maximal aerobic power).