Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 2 pp 542—552

Figure 3. Metformin promoted MSC apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, promotes BM-MSC osteogenesis, and inhibits adipogenesis in vitro. BM-MSCs were treated with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM/L metformin, then cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometric analysis. (A) Flow apoptosis detection induced by different concentrations of metformin in MSC. (B) Statistics of the apoptosis rate for each group. (C) Cell activity assay about the effects of different concentrations of metformin on MSC. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used for the cell activity assay. BM-MSCs were treated with 1 mM/L metformin during the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation process. Alizarin Red (D, E) and Oil red O staining (F, G) for each group cell.