Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 23 pp 9466—9483
Identification of natural products and FDA-approved drugs for targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) propagation
Figure 5. Natural products, azelaic and adipic acids, decrease mammosphere formation. Finally, we tested the effects of two more natural compounds, such as azelaic acid and adipic acid. (A) Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid and it is effective in inhibiting CSC propagation, starting at a concentration of 2.5 mM, with complete inhibition at a concentration of 10 mM. (B) Adipic acid is another dicarboxylic acid that significantly blocks CSC propagation, with near complete inhibition at 10 mM, similarly to azelaic acid. Bar graphs are shown as the mean ± SEM; t-test, two-tailed test. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Chemical formulae are indicated.