Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 14 pp 5641—5668

Figure 4. DNAmClock_Cortical prediction in test data comparable to PCBrainAge predictions. DNAmClock_Cortical was estimated in our test dataset, which is independent from its original training. We find that DNAmClock_Cortical has moderate correlation with age at death (A), and agreement with PCBrainAge accelerations for the same individuals (B). While DNAmClock_Cortical does exhibit clear acceleration in (advanced) AD patients (C–E), demented patients (F), and APOEε4 carriers (G), the p-values of the separation between groups are slightly attenuated versus those of PCBrainAge (see Figure 3). The standard deviation of various AD pathological characteristics per clock standard deviation are compared for DNAmCortical (pink) and PCBrainAge (blue) (H). Given individuals less than or equal to a standard deviation of age acceleration for each clock, the probability of patients being diagnosed with dementia normalized to the total cohort probability is shown for each clock (I).